In this study, we developed a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using streptozotocin and nicotinamide and identified factors that increase susceptibility of T2DM mice to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).All Mtb-infected T2DM mice and 40% of uninfected T2DM mice died within 10 months, whereas all control mice survived.In Mt
Flexure hinges made of superelastic materials Pullon is a promising candidate to enhance the movability of compliant mechanisms.In this paper, we focus on the multi-objective optimization of a type of ellipse-parabola shaped superelastic flexure hinge.The objective is to determine a set of optimal geometric parameters that maximizes the motion rang
Biofuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass offer promising alternative renewable energy sources for transportation fuels.Significant effort has been made to engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently ferment pentose sugars such as D-xylose and L-arabinose into biofuels such as ethanol through heterologous expression of the fungal D-xylose
The AB-type protein toxin from Pasteurella multocida (PMT) contains a functionally important disulfide bond within its catalytic domain, which must be cleaved in the host cell cytosol to render the catalytic domain of PMT into its active conformation.Here, we found that the reductive potential of the cytosol of target cells, and more specifically,
Anthropogenic activities involve the extraction, transformation and use of natural resources.During the process of extracting useful mineral substances on the surface or underground, particles or gases appear in the work environment resulting from the removal or natural release from the rock mass.The process of transforming useful mineral substance